Hinduism and Mahabharata Free Essays

Reflections From The Mahabharata Jeremy Bartel The Mahabharata is one since quite a while ago definite epic, it is probably the most seasoned book the world has. Anyway The Mahabharata is something other than assortment of refrains and sonnets, it delineates convictions and strict perspectives on this antiquated society. A portion of the significant subjects are,ethics of right and wrong,and grappling with ones spot and acceptable behavior in like manner in their rank system,and obviously toward the end attempting to figure what our motivation is in life separately as well as generally. We will compose a custom article test on Hinduism and Mahabharata or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now These models proposes and persuades point of fact that the epic was composed with plan of thinking about the social, and strict convictions around then. So how does the Mahabharata ponder the strict and social estimations of this antiquated society that made it? The Mahabharata makes them overarch topic that summarizes the entire epic, that being the subject of satisfying your sacrosanct obligation. This is referred to all through the hindu culture as dharma, and as indicated by their law everybody is allocated to a job inside the rank framework. The Mahabharata is tied in with accomplishing your consecrated obligation, or enduring the results of neglecting to achieve your undertaking. One explicit case of this is when Arjuna is battling with assaulting and slaughtering who he thinks about dear loved ones during the war. Anyway Krishna is there advise him that it is his dharma to do his job as a warrior. A large portion of the principle characters have a place with this warrior standing and all must do their obligations of respect and fortitude in understanding to that station. This topic of dharma goes route past simply the book however it is a principle point of convergence in hindu religion and thinking. Which in all probability why it was such an immense factor in the book, in light of the fact that to the individuals who made this book was most significant standard to accomplish. During this extraordinary discourse given to Arjuna by Krishna he examines seeking renunciation, and surrender. Krishna reveals to Arjuna that renunciation is â€Å"giving up those works which are incited by want. † Krishna likewise clarifies what is implied by surrender, which implies â€Å"the relinquishment of products all things considered. The message he is training Arjuna returns to his job or obligations inside his standing. Arjuna must not feel that he is crushing anybody or executing them however essentially sending them to paradise, on the grounds that each spirit is everlasting and just takes another structure. So on account of this Arjuna must ascent up and satisfy his Ksatriya or warrior job and crush his foes since that his is standing throughout everyday life. These beliefs are fundamentally the same as that of the hindu religion in respects of resurrection, where a spirit is unfading and doesn't die yet returns to take an alternate structure in another rank. Proof like this just proposes religion was a central point recorded as a hard copy this epic, and was the fundamental topics of the hindu religion are viewed as primary subjects all through this sythesis of writing. The other significant proof that focuses towards this content mirroring the strict and social estimations of the general public that made it was the subject of direction in life after the war. When the war was over Yudhishthira, concludes that he wouldn't like to manage over this land on account of all the viciousness and misfortunes of men. He is disheartened at the idea of such a large number of dead he says â€Å"I caused the pulverization of my brother and the reason for eradication of my own race. † The message of obligation finishing ones hallowed obligation is heard once more, this time it is Bhima who is consoling the ruler that his deeds were fundamental. This thought dharma is outlined once more which shows exactly that it is so imperative to the individuals who made this story. They would not have persistently raised the social conviction of dharma on the off chance that it was anything but an indispensable piece of their general public and strict convictions. To look for a cleansing for every one of his transgressions Yudhishthira plays out a penance of a pony, which would cleanse him of every one of his bad behaviors. When this service was over did he return into the city to run the show. This piece of the Mahabharata is a ton like the vedas we talked about in class which was a typical act of the individuals who were living in this timeframe. Vedas were ceremonial penances utilized for reasons a lot of like that of Yudhishthira to refine oneself and it once more progressively confirmation that the Mahabharata considers extraordinarily social and strict estimations of that society. Numerous years pass by and after the demise of different characters Yudhishthira sets out on a parsimony venture which following 36 years drives him to the doors of paradise. The gathering he started with as completely died en route, all aside from his pooch who makes it to the highest point of the mountain with him. Once at the entryway he should past a progression of tests, the first being he can possibly enter paradise on the off chance that he leaves the pooch. He won't anyway in light of the fact that the pooch was so devoted all through his excursion, he finishes that assessment on the grounds that the canine was the god Dharma in camouflage. The following one he learns his family is in hellfire and he decides to join his friends and family in heck, e finishes that last assessment and his permitted into paradise with his friends and family. This thought of breezing through assessments additionally is proof for the case that the Mahabharata utilized the strict and social estimat ions of the old society, in light of the fact that in that social ones activities whether positive or negative decided whether one was to make it to paradise. Hurl was likewise not a lasting spot in view of the ceaseless pattern of life. These topics and models are strong proof in supporting the case that the Mahabharata was in certainty exceptionally intelligent of strict and social culture and estimations of the old individuals that composed the epic. On numerous occasions there is proof sprinkled all through the whole book that shows the motivation of the thought for this book, came straightforwardly from the thoughts and convictions that were kept with the most respect down back then. Which were satisfying your dharma, and in the event that you live inside your standing framework, at that point by that nature you have carried out beneficial things and are deserving of paradise reward. â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€ [ 1 ]. Narasimhan, Mahabharata,1997),124 [ 2 ]. Narasimhan, Mahabharata,1997), 124 [ 4 ]. Narasimhan, Mahabharata,1997),194 [ 3 ]. Narasimhan, Mahabharata, 1997, 190 [ 5 ]. Narasimhan, Mahabharata,1997),212 The most effective method to refer to Hinduism and Mahabharata, Essay models

Russian Minority and Border Issue in Baltic States

1. Recorded foundation * Before the eighteenth century Baltic area had very hardly any contacts with Russian culture and Ortodox development. District was at that point incorporated toward the West! Furthermore, there was very minimal regular throughout the entire existence of Lithuania in one side and Estonia+Latvia in another side! * Only since the finish of the eighteenth century we can talk about the Baltic area as a district what has a typical fate. Predetermination which isn't delight to Baltic states.Since eighteenth century every single Baltic State were as a piece of Russian Empire: * Estonia and Livonia (present day Estonia and Latvia) as a piece of Swedish Empire was fused into the Russian Empire after the Sweden's annihilation by Russia in the Great Northern War in 1721. * The Polishâ€Lithuanian Commonwealth (made in 1569) was apportioned in 1795 by the Russian Empire, Prussia, and Habsburg Austria. The biggest zone of A lithuanian area turned out to be a piece of Russ ian Empire. * After the World War I in 1918 every single baltic nation got independence.This period was critical for national reluctance. * And again were involved in 1940 by Soviet Union. After consolidation into Soviet Union Stalinistic red dread system was begun in Baltic locale: efficient abuse and physical annihilation of political, social, military world class of the countries. Mass expulsions (to Siberia for instance) started, additionally nationalization and industrialisation were begun. Solid ideological weight by socialists. So Latvians and Estonians chronicled contempt against Germans diverted now against Russians.But recollections from autonomy time really helped these countries to endure Soviet period †on the double we were autonomous, possibly will be once more! * Regained their autonomy in 1990 after the fall of Soviet Union. Face a few issues with Russia. As should be obvious every Baltic State was in comparative situation since eighteenth century. Be that as it may, on the off chance that we look further, we can locate that every one of these occupations had distinctive effect on every nation which caused various issues in every nation. It was made by Russia delibarately. Latvia and Estonia would be advised to modern framework before Soviet standard so it was all the more simple to carry on broad industrialization here.Because of industrialisation there were heaps of russian workforce brought to Latvia and Estonia. Lithuania was not all that industrialized, so requested more ventures and furthermore had all the more free workforce in its own rustic areas, so Lithuania successfully forestalled broad Russian movement, Latvia and Estonia couldn’t. 2. Issues in the wake of picking up autonomy As I referenced before every one of Baltic nation faces various issues with Russia after freedom. In Latvia and Estonia the greatest despite everything stays russian minority issue. 2. 1. Russian minority issue.After picking up autonomy (in 1990) there left a gigantic russian minority in Estonia and Latvia, about 30% of populace were russians. It was an immense issue to these nations bacause they needed to stress their national personality, novel dialect and culture. So the joining procedure of russian minorities was begun soon after the freedom. Estonian citizenship was offered distinctly to the russians who lived in Estonia before World War II and their relatives. Every single Estonian occupant, who had been Soviet residents, reserved the option to enroll themselves as residents of Russia or to pick some other citizenship.The Estonian Government effectively advances the obtaining of Estonian citizenship through naturalization, in this way diminishing the quantity of people with dubious citizenship. An individual who wishes to get Estonian citizenship by naturalization more likely than not been a perpetual inhabitant of Estonia for at any rate five years, have an essential information on the Estonian language, know about th e Constitution of the Republic of Estonia and the Citizenship Act. Occupants without citizenship may not choose the Riigikogu (the national parliament) nor the European Parliament, yet are qualified to cast a ballot in the metropolitan elections.In 2012, 84. 3% of Estonia's populace held Estonian citizenship, 8. 9% were residents of different nations and 6. 8% were of unsure citizenship. The equivalent in Latvia †latvian citizenship was offered uniquely to the russians who lived in Latvia before World War II and their relatives. There is very regular non-resident status in Latvia. Latvian non-residents can be viewed neither as residents, nor outsiders or stateless people yet as people with â€Å"a explicit legitimate status†. They reserve the option to a non-resident visa gave by the Latvian government just as other explicit rights.They have their own magazines, it‘s like uique network in Latvia. So a great deal of russians don‘t make a fuss over latvian citi zenship and look for latvian citizenship in particular on the off chance that they need to go to in political field, in light of the fact that as non-residents they can‘t do as such. In any case there is no point for russians to learn latvian language. Russians in Latvia guarantee: „Latvian language? For what reason do we need it? Americans didn‘t learn American Indian language, english didn‘t learn native language. â€Å" Situation in Lithuania is very surprising. There are 80% of lithuanians in Lithuania.Historically minorities in Lithuania generally knew and these days know lithunian language quite well, separated a few exemptions. Russia’s mentality to this issue. Russia is continually whining about russian minorities in Baltic nations. Russia state to European Union that human rights are stomped all over on the grounds that there is no suitable regard to russian minorities in baltic nations. Objections incorporate all Balttic states albeit russia n minority isn't basic issue in Lithuania. Just 5,8% of all out populace are russians in Lithuania. Contrasted with Estonia (there is 25% of russian minority) and Latvia () , number is low. . 2. The fringe issue. Estonia. Estonia had sought after the arrival of in excess of 2,000 square kilometers of domain, named Petseri County, attached by Russia in 1945. The added land had been inside the outskirts Estonia endorsed by Russia in the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty. The fringe bargain with Estonia was quickly sanctioned by the Estonian parliament in 2005. In any case, the Russian priest of outside undertakings pulled back his mark from the Treaty since he questioned the Estonian parliament’s approval law which made reference to writings referencing the Soviet control of Estonia.The fringe remains significantly equivalent to the one drawn by Stalin, with some minor changes. Latvia. On account of Latvia, the fringe settlement was not by any means marked till today since Russia was mad dened by the Latvian parliament’s want to include a one-sided preface denouncing the Soviet occupation. Additionally Russia demanded that the circumstance of Russian-speakers in Latvia must be improved before any settlement could be agreed upon. The Abrene District has been the primary explanation the two nations have not had the option to concur on a fringe arrangement. The Latvian-Russian fringe is useful in true terms.There are two potential manners by which the circumstance may create later on. The likelihood that Latvia may completely defer the one-sided announcement or that Russia may consent to sanction a bargain with the annexed affirmation. Lithuania. Russia’s outskirt issues with Lithuania were not quite the same as those with Estonia and Latvia. Valid, patriot Lithuanian gatherings scrutinized the legitimateness of Russia’s take-over of the Kaliningrad district from Germany, and the principal President Vytautas Landsbergis requested the neutralization as well as the †de-colonisation† of the region.However, every single Lithuanian government perceived the current outskirts with Russia. In 1997 the Lithuanian and Russian presidents at last marked an outskirt arrangement. The Russian Duma, be that as it may, wouldn't consent to the fringe arrangement, straightforwardly clarifying that it would evacuate one of the last obstructions to Lithuanian NATO enrollment and NATO bases. The Duma likewise guaranteed that the exchange of Klaipeda (Memel) from the Russian portion of German East Prussia to Soviet Lithuania in 1945 was illicit, griped about Lithuanian government officials raising regional cases on Russia and separation of Russian-speakers in Lithuania, too.However it was ratificated by Lietuvos seimas (Lithunia’s Parliament) in 1999 and by Russian Duma in 2003. Russia‘s approach with Baltic nations: * With Estonia and Latvia, Russian international strategy is centered around the security of the privileges of Russian minorities. With Lithuania, where this card is pointless, Moscow has grown increasingly unobtrusive strategies. * Russia’s strategies appear as oil sanctions, ‘gas isolation’ and deterrence of Western firms from putting resources into Baltic vitality ventures. * Russian intrigue: Baltic states as a window to Europe. Baltic States as an impediment for Russian exchange and correspondence with Western Europe.

MIT of the Late 1800s, According to the Students

MIT of the Late 1800s, According to the Students One of my UROPs this summer was exploring the history of immigrants and international students at MIT. The Institute has a long history of committment to diversity. In fact, as early as 1917, the Boston Daily Globe reported that few, if any institutions, in the United States have a higher percentage of foreign students than Tech. At the time, one out of every 15 students was international. MIT has since worked to increase this number, reaching out to nations all over the world. By 2015, 9.77% of the undergraduates at MIT were international. My summer research, however, did not start in the 20th century. It started in 1885, when the first MIT yearbook, Technique, was published. Through the yearbooks, I tracked the lives and activities of the earliest international students. And, for the Admissions Blogs, I collected screenshots of MIT student history and culture from 1885 to 1895. Technology (as it was often called at the time), didnt have a cohesive campus until 1916, much to the lamentation of some students, who believed the Tech didnt really have a culture. But looking through the jokes, poems, and other notes, I disagreed. Many of the sentiments expressed in the first ten Techniques  (all available online) remain true today. The freshman class of 89 pranked Harvard. Courses II and VI were the most popular. All-nighters were common. The faculty were beloved and often quoted in the yearbooks. And, unfortunately, Thermodynamics was as feared then as it is today. There was a poem perfectly describing IHTFP (below), as we ll as a poem with hopes for 2000 A.D. (also, below, still relevant in 2016 A.D.). Here are some of the collected screenshots, highligthing the hopes, differences, and amazing similarities of the Technology students of 1885-1895 and the MIT students of today. By 1895, 38 States, 1 Territory, the Distric of Columbia, and 17 Foreign Countries were represented. Tech students had only 13 major options. Course XI. had been founded in 1889, Course XII. in 1890, and Course XIII. in 1893 (though in 1892 some students tried to convince everyone reading Technique that Course XIII. would be Gastronomical Engineering, a Course dedicated to making and consuming food). However, even with the limited number of options (compared to the 24 courses now), choices were hard. Here are some words of encouragement for all the undecided: Some of the majors were quite different from today. For example, Course VIII. Physics wasnt so popular. (note: Co-Eds = female students at Technology) Course IX. was definitely not Brain and Cognitive Sciences. Course XI. Sanitary Engineering (now Urban Studies and Planning) included the following statement: Let it be distinctly understood that we are not learning to be plumbers; consequently all offers of work which our fellow-students have kindly promised us upon our graduation, are refused. As a Course, we cry out against that insulting term which has been applied to us. The Sewer Department, forsooth! Every day, and from all over the world, we receive offers of lucrative positions; but we refuse them all, for we wish to show the Faculty that a graduate from Course XI. is not an impossibility.  The Sanitary Engineers instead preferred the slogan Yours for health.â€"Course XI. The formation of Course XII. Geology (now Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences) was described in the yearbooks in the following way: This Course is the youngest of the family which has been brought into being by the aggregation of sages which controls our existence at Tech. For this reason they regard it with more or less favor, as is shown by the fact that each one of the Junior members is allowed an instructor in Surveying, while the Civils have to idvide one instructor among twenty students. You have never heard of the Geological Course? Then it will be necessary for us to describe its formation. It is a sort of conglomerate containing large and hard pebbles of chemistry, biology, surveying, and paleontology, together with smaller ones of German and zoölogy, scattered rather thickly through a bed of tough geology, giving a hard and apparently durable Course, for as yet no signs of weathering have been discovered. But what did Technology students do outside of learning?   In the late 1800s, they still believed MIT would be famous for its Athletics. There was also the wonderful Beard Club (a precursor to the hair-dyeing of today?). Incidentally, the student with the Ultra Violet beard, J. C. Blumé, was an international student from Lima, Peru. Also, note that all the images from the yearbooks were hand-drawn and submitted by the students themselves. Extract from the Constitution [of the Beard Club]: Article II.â€" Object: The object of this Club shall be to promote, by all legitimate means, the growth of natural hair upon the face. Article III.â€" Officers: The President of the Club shall be he who produces the daintiest result in the line of the Clubs effot. The Vice-President shall be he who produces the scrubbiest result. There shall be an Official Trimmer. Official measurements taken October 1st of each year. Unfortunately, not everyone could make it into Beard Club: Technology students also held annual Class Dinners, with their growth captured in the images below:     But actually, the students (at least in the class of 1893) looked like this: Finally, some cultural notes, or, as they called them in the yearbooks, Grinds: Still all student drawn. Textbooks were expensive, and so was tuition. Faculty and math were beloved. IHTFP was perfectly explained in this beautiful Retrospection: And the students predictions and hopes for MIT in 2000 A.D. were expressed in a poem (excerpts relevant to students in 2016 A.D.): Lastly, here is an 1895 advertisement for MIT from the Secretary, outlining the admissions process. Good luck!

Risk framework analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2123 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Table of Contents Introduction Types of Business Risks Risk Framework Strategies and Initiatives of the Selected Companies Effective Risk Management Framework of Abu Dhabi Insurance Company  ·Assessment Techniques  ·Effectiveness Measures Risk Management tools in Market International Insurance Company Abu Dhabi National Insurance and Market International- A comparison of financial statements 1.Capital management framework: 2.Regulatory Framework: Conclusion References Comparison of risk management between Abu Dhabi National Insurance Company and Market International insurance company. Introduction Risks are a natural part of all types of businesses. Every organization be it a public or private sector organization has to face several kinds of risks. These may be systematic or unsystematic risks. No matter whatever is the type of risk, it needs to be assessed as soon as possible and it must be countered by using the most effective tools and techniques. For this purpose, various risk management frameworks have been designed (Zelenskaya, 2013). This paper attempts to analyze the risk management frameworks of two insurance companies, one of which is based in Abu Dhabi and the other one is a foreign international company. The paper will explore the similarities and differences between the methods of risk measurement used by these companies and their impact on the organizational performance. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Risk framework analysis" essay for you Create order Types of Business Risks Risk refers to the chance of suffering any kind of financial loss by the company. It is a danger for the organization because it presents a threat to financial returns of the company. Following are the different types of risks usually faced by any business: Strategic risk occurs in an industry because of changing customer demands or preferences or by the emerging technology of the competitors. This risk can be countered by collecting timely feedback from the customers. The second is the compliance risk which occurs due to bureaucratic or regulations and thus impacts the investment procedures of the company. Another most important type of risk is the financial risk which impacts the gross profits of the company which is one of the objectives of the organization therefore; this risk must be immediately countered. Moreover, the company might also face operational risks which might occur due to the internal processes, systems or people of the company. Sometimes, it might also be due to external factors. One kind of non-financial risk is the reputational risk which has the capacity to harm the business to a great extent. It might occur due to product failures or other similar procedures. This might result in loss of a large number of customers. Reputations take lots of years to establish but they can be destroyed in a single day or even by a single wrong activity Apart from the above mentioned categorized risks, there are several uncategorized risks for example: there might be any disturbances due to natural disasters, high employee turnover and so on. (Griffin, n.d.). Thus, it can be said that the business environment is never safe. It always faces many risks which need to be resolved through the development of proper frameworks. It is not necessary that every firm is facing all of these risks at the same time. Major types of problems that are associated with the insurance companies are insurance related risks, financial instability, loss of customers, transfer risks, underwriting risks and so on. All of these must be assessed in order to make sure that the company is moving in the right direction to achieve its goals and objectives (Jolly, 2003). Before moving on to analyze the risk assessment frameworks used by the selected companies, a brief overview of risk frameworks is presented below in order to develop a deeper insight into how these organizational structures counter the financial and other related risks. Risk Framework A framework refers to a systematic tool used to counter all the types of risk mentions. For instance: company might use specific software for this purpose, some other company might use spreadsheets, internally developed system of the company and so on (Shortreed, Hicks, Craig, 2003). Any risk management framework is based upon proper timeline of procedures which have the following aims: To make the organizational operations more smooth, transparent and easy to understand for the stakeholders. To make all the organizational processes more efficient and effective To allow proper risk assessment, estimation, monitoring and control in terms of standard procedures and methodologies. No matter what is the type of method used, the risk measurement basically follows the analysis of following steps or procedures: The first step is to categorize the type of risk being faced by the company. After that, the right kind of system must be selected according to the categorized risk. There must be proper compatibility between the two factors i.e. the risk and the selected system. The company must then assess how it can reduce the level of the selected risk. After assessment, proper implementation procedures must be designed and followed. The system must be authorized to measure any risk related changes in the operations, individuals and systems of the company. In the end, the company must monitor whether its selected system has proved to be successful in the reduction of risk or not. Strategies and Initiatives of the Selected Companies The study conducted on Abu Dhabi Insurance Company and Market International shows that both the companies use highly effective risk management procedures. Abu Dhabi Insurance Company allocates almost 20% of its budget to risk assessment and control while the insurance company of US devotes almost 25% of its budget to risk control. This is because the latter believes that it has to face more diversity of risks therefore; the framework of budget for the two companies is also different. Insurance risks and market risks are becoming greater with the passage of time because the business world is too dynamic. Therefore; these risks are related to the internal activities of the organization. Effective Risk Management Framework of Abu Dhabi Insurance Company This company uses the ERM framework to assess and control the risks associated with its business. The company has designed proper mechanisms to measure where the gap exists between the actual and the expected performance and what are the reasons of this gap. Moreover, the company has developed a proper department which has risk supervisor managers who prepare manuals and documents that highlight the major problem areas of the company. These documents are then circulated to all the relevant departments in order to make sure that every member of the company is on the same page.  · Assessment Techniques While assessing the risks, the company has designed proper methodologies to that measure the design and performance of the company. These techniques also explain what would be the most effective tools to overcome risks. The dynamics used for assessment are the compliance methods which regulates the performance against specifically set standard procedures.  · Effectiveness Measures After making risk assessments, effectiveness of these components are measured in a variety of ways. These measures tend to improve the transparency, confidence, decision making and control procedures of the company. The CEO of Abu Dhabi National Insurance Company has emphasized on the important of all these measures and has communicated it directly to the employees of the organization so as to make sure that there are individual as well as collective efforts being made towards reducing the risks and increasing organizational productivity. Following is an illustration of the risk management framework used by Abu Dhabi National Insurance Organization: This framework provides a deeper insight into all the factors affecting the organizational smooth operations. It is used by Abu Dhabi National Insurance Company by the mangers designed specifically for this purpose. All of the factors mentioned in the table are market as either high, medium or low with differen t colors which indicates the level of the risk and its capacity to harm the organization. High risk Medium risk Low risk Risk Management tools in Market International Insurance Company Since the organizational structure of both these companies is more or less similar, therefore; there are a huge similarities between the types of risk they face in their respective environments. Despite of these similarities, many differences exist between the risk management tools designed by these companies (Chapman, 2011). Market international has a triangular risk framework which bases the whole process on three major things which are illustrated below: This is the major framework followed by the Market Insurance Company. The corporate managers or the stake holders engage in the decision making process and these long term strategic decisions include such activities which would manage and monitor the involved risks. The company uses various risk treatment procedures to evaluate these frameworks in order to resolve any issues that haunt the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s effectiveness. In order to follow this framework, a preliminary analysis is carried out b efore the treatment. It can also be referred to as the screening level of identifying the financial risks which occur when the company does not get expected returns or when the customers leave the company. For this purpose, Market International engages in the following procedures: Risk Estimation is done to measure the magnitude of risk probability and its related consequences. Evaluation is done in order to measure the risk against the criteria or costs and benefits as well as the demands of stakeholders. There have been various treatment options that have been developed to bring down the risk to an acceptable level. Establishing the criteria has always proved to be a challenging task for insurance companies because of their dynamic and complex environment. However, Market International has developed proper consideration methods to deal with this issue. Abu Dhabi National Insurance and Market International- A comparison of financial statements Developing frameworks and tools for risk assessment and measurement is just one of the objectives. The real aim of this project is to analyze to what extent, these different tools of insurance companies have been able to reduce the level of risks they had. This can be done by looking at the values provided in the financial statements of both the companies and then analyzing these values. The values from consolidated financial statements of Abu Dhabi National Insurance Company for the year 2011-2012 are as follows: Most of the risk was insurance risk caused due to marina cargo, engineering insurance, health and motor insurance, group life insurance, property and liability insurance, aviation insurance, accident insurance and so on (ADNIC, 2012). In order to counter these risks, the company used the following two major frameworks: Capital management framework: This was used to protect the goals of stakeholders and to achieve financial performance objectives. This internal tool analyzed the amount of capital needed to mitigate the risk and then economic impacts of this capital were used to resolve the loss crisis (The new risk and capital management framework, 2012). Regulatory Framework: This was used to manage and monitor the internal affairs and to ensure that the company maintains a solvency position to reduce the financial risks and the risks arising from natural problems. Regulations were imposed to carry out smooth operations and to reduce any kind of insolvency found within the organization. On the other hand, Market International also incurred 45% and 47% loss during the last two years and the major methodologies used by this company to counter these risks was the portfolio approach. The use of portfolio framework provided the stakeholders with right information regarding risk estimation and measurement and the stakeholders then engaged in the decision making process to mitigate these risks. Both of these techniques have proved to be useful in measuring and reducing the level of risks associated with these insurance companies (Culp, 2002). Conclusion Thus, the above project clearly indicates that risk is a natural part of any business enterprise. Insurance companies use different types of approaches to reduce these risks. Different frameworks and tools used by ABNIC and Market International show that financial risk can be best mitigated by developing the right kind of approach and then implementing this approach and framework in order to make sure that the company is progressing financially as well as non-financially. References ADNIC. (2012, December 31). Directors report and consolidated financial statements. Retrieved from https://www.esca.ae/English/Secured/Companies/Financial_Reports/annualreports/ADNIC2012EN.PDF Chapman, R. J. (2011). Simple Tools and Techniques for Enterprise Risk Management. Wilay Publishers. Culp, C. L. (2002). The Risk Management Process: Business Strategy and Tactics. Wiley Publishers. Griffin, D. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/types-business-risk-99.html Jolly, A. (2003). Managing Business Risk. Kogan Page Publishers. Shortreed, J., Hicks, J., Craig, L. (2003, March 28). Basic Frameworks for Risk management. Retrieved from https://www.irr-neram.ca/pdf_files/basicFrameworkMar2003.pdf The new risk and capital management framework. (2012, February 27). Retrieved from https://www.actuarialeye.com/2012/02/27/icaap-the-new-risk-and-capital-management-framework/ Zelenskaya, A. (2013, February 19). Framework for Improving Credit Risk Manage ment Using Champion/Challenger Approach. Retrieved from https://www.scorto.com/blog/framework-for-improving-credit-risk-management-using-championchallenger-approach/

The Death Penalty and Deterrence - 2964 Words

The Death Penalty and Deterrence The death penalty deters criminals, even more so than life imprisonment. A common question asked by many professionals today is â€Å"Do death penalty executions deter criminals?† This is usually followed by asking if it deters better than a life imprisonment term. The process of punishing these criminals for their crimes will make other would-be felony committers think twice about doing it. A way to better stop these crimes would be to make states automatically execute death row inmates after they have been imprisoned for at least a year and no new evidence has been found in their case. Using harsher executions methods such as hangings, firing squads, or electric chairs would increase the deterrent effect even further. My reason for dealing with this issue is because I believe that the effectiveness of the death penalty is an important issue that must be addressed. I can not personally attest to the effectiveness because I have had no interaction with the death penalty, but I still believe in its effectiveness. The rate of executions in death penalty states is incredibly low which puts strain on the prisons, state workers, and the momentary aspects of the general population. Criminals who get put on death row also stay on it for many years and this causes a decrease in the deterrent effect of the death penalty. Increasing the rate of these executions would help increase the effective stopping power of the capital punishment again. ImplementingShow MoreRelatedThe Deterrence Of Death Penalty1160 Words   |  5 PagesThe Deterrence of Death Penalty in Texas Almost a month ago, I accidently came across the Stanford Prison Experiment documentary, which is available to view on Youtube. The document based on real event in Stanford University. It is an experiment to study psychology of imprisonment on prisoners and guards by dividing selected Stanford students into two groups. As the time passed, the researchers have discovered some drastically changes in both groups within days. At the end, Dr. Philip ZimbardoRead MoreDeterrence And The Death Penalty3425 Words   |  14 PagesRunning head: Deterrence and the Deterrence and the Death Penalty Sherelle Gordon Virginia State University Deterrence and the Death Penalty The idea of capital punishment deterring crime is difficult to determine; some could rationalize that the death penalty should in theory stop potential murders from committing crimes. However, this rationalization has never been concretely proven. The research into capital punishment’s effect on deterrence is immense; however, the majorityRead MoreEssay on Death Penalty and Deterrence3532 Words   |  15 Pages Death Penalty and Deterrence Ever since the beginning of time man has committed crimes. Crimes were described as acts which go against the social and moral norms of society and people. People have learned to deal with these crimes in many different ways. One of the most used forms of dealing with crime is punishing those who commit crimes. There are numerous ways in which people have punished those who commit crimes throughout history from making the criminal pay fines to banishing them fromRead MoreThe Death Penalty : A Method Of Crime Deterrence1292 Words   |  6 Pages2015 The Death Penalty Capital punishment often referred to as the death penalty has been used as a method of crime deterrence since the earliest societies it has been a controversial position amongst lawmakers for centuries. Capital punishment does not deter crime; instead, it encourages it. Today, only thirty-two states still use the death penalty because they believe that a state with the death penalty has higher murder rates than states without it (â€Å"States With and Without the Death Penalty†). MostRead MoreDeterrence Is The Primary Source When Defining Criminal Law1549 Words   |  7 PagesDeterrence is the primary source when defining criminal law. According to dictionary.com deterrence â€Å"is a law that was passed that includes the breakdown of punishments and uses then as fear tactics; to disappoint individual criminal defendants from becoming reappearance offenders and to discourage others in society from engaging in similar criminal activity.’ (Dictionary 1). Deterrence work in two ways; large population and the punishment of wrongdoers. Deterrence is aimed at the individual; onceRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Not Be Used1467 Words   |  6 PagesThe Right to Life: Executing the Death Penalty The death penalty is a punishment given to people who commit heinous crimes. Since 1976, there have been over 1,390 executions. But does that make the death penalty, necessarily, a correct and justifiable form of punishment? â€Å"The death penalty is our harshest punishment,† states Ernest van den Haag, author of â€Å"The Ultimate Punishment: a Defense.† Van den Haag, in his article, argues how the death penalty is effective and should be used. However, JackRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is The Ultimate Punishment882 Words   |  4 PagesLlamas Curtis Becker Comp 1 03 October 2017 The death penalty The death penalty is the ultimate punishment. There is no harsher punishment than death itself. This nation, the United States of America, is currently one of fifty-eight nations that practice the death penalty, if one commits first-degree murder as of 2012. People that believe in the death penalty also believe that it will deter murders. In this paper I will argue that the death penalty does not deter criminals and that this nation shouldRead MoreThe Ineffectiveness Of The Death Penalty892 Words   |  4 Pages The Ineffectiveness of the Death Penalty People want to feel safe wherever they go, whether it is in their family’s,friend’s or even an acquaintance’s home, and shopping malls, hotels or wherever others go and not be scared by others. Often there are crimes every day and many fear that they don’t want to be involved in it. Often criminals appear nonchalant about what happens to them no matter what they did and their crimes. They don’t seem scared. The death penalty is ineffective at deterring andRead MoreIdentify And Describe The Three Elements Of Deterrence Case Study743 Words   |  3 Pages27-29, 2015). 2. Identify and describe the three elements of deterrence. Which of the three do you think has the most important impact on deterring individuals from committing crimes? 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Impact of Custom Union to Kazakhstan Free Essays

custom uniMurat Serikbayev 20123402 Iimpact of customs union between Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan’ to the car market in our country I want to start my Tethys from the history of Kazakhstan’s car market, what are the prospects for the future and how it is influenced by the customs union. Before the financial crisis Kazakhstan’s car market demonstrated impressive growth, more than 25% annually, which is higher than in most developed countries. Used car market also was developed because it was cheap to buy a car abroad with a little customs tariffs in our country. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Custom Union to Kazakhstan or any similar topic only for you Order Now So most of people preferred to have a used foreign car rather than a new car produced in Kazakhstan , it is might be because of quality of own produced cars and there are not so many choices. But after the crisis the car market rapidly declined approximately 30-40 %. The biggest factor of the recession, is a significant rise in the cost of loans by Kazakhstan banks and tightening requirements for borrowers. Used car market also showed the downturn. Until 2008, every second car buyer used the bank loan. Today to get the loan for purchasing a car can only one of the 20 buyers. Nowadays Kazakhstan’s car market have 11 companies which officially sell about 40 foreign car brands. In addition to global brands we have the biggest Russian company â€Å"AvtoVaz†. Also we have own car plant in Ust Kamenogorsk which produces a car brands like AvtoVaz, Chevrolet, SsangYong, Chance, IVECO and Skoda for up to 45000 cars per year. Although until recently, the phrase â€Å"Kazakhstan’s car† sounded like nonsense. In July 2011 Kazakhstan fully joined to customs union with Belarus and Russia. In that time the public and the media met this statement negatively, arguing the right to freedom of choice of products because customs tariffs for cars increased up to 30% and plus 12% VAT, so it means that it is disadvantageously to buy a new or used car abroad in order to save money they are used to do in past like in 2007. But some said that in order to develop our production, it is necessary to protect market from third country imports. Also car dealers also agree that it will increase demand for officially new cars, as Vadim Artamonov says, Director, Rolf Import Kazakhstan  «In general, as for the market, a milestone event occurred last year. Preferential import duties on cars have been canceled for the first time since last July and Kazakhstan fully joined the Customs Union. Accordingly, this enabled the market to grow significantly. Now the market growth stands at about 30% annually.  ». In 2011, the amount of vehicles sold by official dealers in Kazakhstan increased by 49. 6% as compared to 2010. I think and aware that joining to customs union will affect positively and will give more advantages for our car producers, and we will develop own car industry like for example in Malaysia, Thailand and Brazil. For example initially in Malaysia cars produced from imported parts, but gradually is localized production. Now their own car marked developed well and besides the domestic market the company’s products are exported to UK and some European countries, they have brand like Proton, it’s Malaysia’s biggest automaker, is specialized in the production of vehicles under license from Mitsubishi. So we can do the same things, today one of fifth cars sold in the country – Kazakhstan’s production. But the potential of the domestic consumer market of these products is much higher. Also we can deliver our products to the Russian and Belarusian automotive markets. And I want to say that that it is not just developing car market in Kazakhstan, it’s also developing our economic as whole because it is imply a new jobs for our citizens means less unemployment, we invest our money in our country, not investing another countries as previously. I think we have to support and buy own produced cars instead of buying used foreign cars, and we should make a contribution on that in order to develop our production. Another thing also I want to mention is that our dealers are ready to provide loans for their cars on affordable terms and it would be good opportunity for customers. Because it is a new car and it has a guarantee from 3 to 5 years. According to experts, in an environment where the cost of imported second-hand cars increases so that they cease to be available to the masses, and new import cars get very luxury for our customers, so optimal combination of price and quality would be own produced cars. ( ) ? ? ? – , , ? . ? . . . ? . , ? ? . . , 90% . . , ? , , ? - – . . ? ? ? ? . ? ? . How to cite Impact of Custom Union to Kazakhstan, Essay examples

Jardin Essays - DraftNathalia Trtora, , Term Papers

Jardin El jard?n de senderos que se bifurcan En este breve ensayo analizaremos sobre la obra del escritor argentino Jorge Luis Borges, El jard?n de senderos que se bifurcan. En el primer p?rrafo de la obra se puede observar que la narraci?n est? escrita en presente y en tercera persona en sigular. En este p?rrafo, el autor no s?lo introduce al personaje principal de la obra, Yu-Tsun, quien es un chino esp?a aleman, sino tambi?n presenta el tema del cuento que es la demora de una ofensiva brit?nica contra las fuerzas alemanas en la l?nea Serre-Montauban en 1916. Este hecho hist?rico de la Primera Guerra Mundial hace que el cuento sea m?s real y le da legitimidad a la obra. Tambi?n hay un peque?o comentario sobre una perspectiva del historiador ingl?s, Basil Hery Liddle Hart. Este historiador presenta una perspectiva opuesta al de nuestro protagonista de la obra, pero a pesar de esto, se puede observar en la narraci?n, una simpat?a hacia Yu-Tsun lo cual hace convencer al lector de la ?ntima relaci?n entre la confensi?n de Yu-Tsun y el hecho hist?rico descrito de la primera Guerra Mundial. Despu?s de la introducci?n del tema y del personaje principal, la presencia del narrador se desvanece, y las narraciones son escritas en primera persona singular de Yu Tsun. Llegamos a comprender la historia de la obra cuando se produce la declaraci?n final de Yu-Tsun. Se entiende que su objetivo era el de comunicar el nombre de la ciudad ingl?s donde los alemanes deb?an atacar. Yu-Tsun se las ingenia, matando un famoso sabio sin?logo ingl?s Stephen Albert, y asi cumple con su misi?n de indicar la ciudad que los alemanes deb?an atacar. Por todo esto, podemos decir que la obra tiene una iron?a circunstancial ya que conocemos el final cuando en el momento de la culminaci?n de los hechos. Otro concepto que debemos destacar en la obra es el tiempo. El se cuento se desarrolla en dos planos, pasado-presente, que continuamente se entretejen. Al principio de la obra, la narraci?n est? escrita en primera persona. Pero despu?s se puede observar c?mo el autor emplea el presente para contrastar la situaci?n actual de Yu-Tsun con el pasado inmediato. El autor no s?lo juega con el tiempo, sino tambi?n lo utiliza para darnos una noci?n cronol?gica de la obra. Toda la acci?n que se desarrolla en el cuento por el esp?a alem?n dura cuatro horas y media, desde las seis hasta las diez y media de la noche. Existe un tiempo psicol?gico. Esto se da cuando Yu-Tsun, poco despu?s de pensar en el fin de Viktor Runeberg y al meditar sobre su propio destino, llega a negar la existencia de un tiempo abstracto, afirmando s?lo la posibilidad de un presente: [? Siglos de siglos y s?lo en el presente ocurren los hechos?] (p?g 98). Tambi?n existe el tiempo indeterminado, infinito. Esto se puede ver cuando Stephan Albert y Yu-Tsun conversan acerca del libro de Ts'ui Pen, el antepasado de Yu-Tsun, y Albert descubre que existen infinitas series de tiempos, en una red creciente y vertiginosa de tiempos divergentes, convergentes y paralelos. Esa trama de tiempos que se aproximan se bifurcan, se cortan o que secularmente se ingnoran, abarca todas las posibilidades. A esta concepci?n de lo infinito, tambi?n se adhiere la imagen del laberinto por el relato estructurado como un laberinto bajo la forma de un cuento dentro de otro. Otra faceta que presenta esta figura de la imagen del laberinto es el de Ts'ui Pen cuando comenta sobre un laberinto de s?mbolos, un invisible laberinto de tiempos. Me pareci? muy interesante esta obra, no solamente por los elementos que Borges utiliza para desarrollar el tema d?ndole forma y belleza a la obra, sino tambi?n, la forma en que el autor influye al lector manteni?ndolo hasta el ?ltimo instante de la obra atento, en donde se revela el secreto de la obra, la misi?n de Yu-Tsun. Foreign Languages

Own Informatione Products Essays - Publishing, Typesetting

Own Informatione Products Essays - Publishing, Typesetting Own Informatione Products CREATE YOUR OWN INFORMATION PRODUCTS! Millions and millions of full sized books and small booklets are sold each year. Most are produced by the large publishing houses. However, there are also several million books sold every year by small, unassuming, one-person publishing companies. Many of these one-person publishers operate from a home-based office. And, surprisingly, some home-based publishers earn excellent incomes. (What's more, some are even becoming very rich.) In this report you'll learn how to succeed as a home-based publisher, producing books, booklets, reports and manuals on nearly every subject imaginable. And, if you have no desire to write your own material, you'll learn how to get authors to write for you. Many authors have chosen to by-pass the usual publishing routes and, instead, self-publish their own books. Admittedly, this requires more work, but it could also mean more profits. There are many reasons authors decide to self-publish, including: 1. It's very difficult to get a manuscript accepted by the giant publishing houses, unless you are a personality in some field, or are already a successful author. 2. Often, the large publishing companies will want to edit a manuscript in such a manner that is unacceptable to the author. 3. Often, the author can market his own book more effectively than a large publisher will. This is especially true if the material is of a non- fiction or of how-to nature. 4. Self publishing allows the author to keep all of the profits. 5. There is plenty of opportunity for the author/self- publisher to set up other profit center products that are related to the topic of the book. So, as you can see, there are many compelling reasons why thousands of authors have chosen to self-publish. Also, the availability of low cost microcomputers have made self-publishing much easier than in past years. This report will give you a step- by- step approach to self-publishing your own book. Note: this report is not about writing. It is assumed that you will write your own booklets, or hire a ghostwriter to do the job for you. So the following information will focus only on the steps you need to take to succeed (make money) as a self- publisher. HOW IT WORKS AND HOW TO DO IT STEP-BY-STEP (1) Generate book ideas and proposals, either your own or by hiring authors/ghostwriters. (2) Evaluate these ideas and proposals as to the feasibility of producing a valued book, and reaching a large group of prospective customers. (3) Evaluate the size of the market and determine how you'll reach that market. Also, research any competitive books. (4) Consider various related products that you could sell to the people who buy your book. (5) Write and edit the book, pay royalties to an author, or hire a ghostwriter to do it for you. (6) Produce a camera-ready copy for the printer. (7) Begin your marketing effort by designing ads and brochures. (Often, this step comes before, or during, writing the book. Your sales material can give you something to live up to.) (8) Launch a full scale marketing and publicity campaign. (A full-scale roll-out should follow a test marketing campaign. You want to make certain you have a truly salable product, and should spend little money to test the waters.) (9) Get printing quotes and have the final version of the book ready to print and bind as soon as you're sure there will be sufficient sales to warrant these costs. (10) Sell follow-up products to your customers. All of these steps can be carried out quickly. You could easily have a fast-selling book on the market within 6 months, or less. SELECTING A TOPIC The best, and easiest, subjects for self-publishers to produce are of the how to genre. Books, reports and manuals that tell readers how to do something are among the liveliest sellers. It's very difficult for a small publisher to be successful with novels, or poetry books. So this report will focus on how to books. However, you can apply many of the techniques discussed here to market other kinds of books as well. To begin, you should publish material on topics which you are most familiar. You should also have a market targeted and a plan for reaching that market. Example: you may have in mind to produce a book about how to make money with crafts to be sold in small craft shops, craft fairs, craft magazines and through direct mail to people who make craft items. It's not necessary for you to be an expert on a topic if you aren't writing the book yourself. But you do need to be knowledgeable enough to evaluate the book proposals that

Difference Between Celsius and Centigrade

Difference Between Celsius and Centigrade Depending on how old you are, you might read 38 °C as 38 degrees Celsius or 38 degrees centigrade. Why are there two names for  °C and whats the difference? Heres the answer: Celsius and centigrade are two names for essentially the same temperature scale (with slight differences). The centigrade scale is divided into degrees based on dividing the temperature between which water freezes and boils into 100 equal gradients or degrees. The word centigrade comes from centi- for 100 and grade for gradients. The centigrade scale was introduced in 1744 and remained the primary scale of temperature until 1948. In 1948 the CGPM (Conference General des Poids et Measures) decided to standardize several units of measurement, including the temperature scale. Since the grade was in use as a unit (including the centigrade), a new name was chosen for the temperature scale: Celsius. Key Takeaways: Celsius vs. Centigrade The Celsius scale is a type of centigrade scale.A centigrade scale has 100 degrees between the freezing and boiling points of water.The original Celsius scale actually had a boiling point of 0 degrees and freezing point of 100 degrees. It ran in the opposite direction of the modern scale! The Celsius scale remains a centigrade scale in which there are 100 degrees from the freezing point (0 °C) and boiling point (100 °C) of water, though the size of the degree has been more precisely defined. A degree Celsius (or a Kelvin) is what you get when divide the thermodynamic range between absolute zero and the triple point of a specific type of water into 273.16 equal parts. There is a 0.01 °C difference between the triple point of water and the freezing point of water at standard pressure. Interesting Facts About Celsius and Centigrade The temperature scale created by Anders Celsius in 1742 was actually the reverse of the modern Celsius scale. Celsius original scale had water boil at 0 degrees and freeze at 100 degrees. Jean-Pierre Christin independently proposed at a temperature scale with zero at the freezing point of water and 100 was the boiling point (1743). Celsius original scale was reversed by Carolus Linnaeus in 1744, the year in which Celsius died. The centigrade scale was confusing because centigrade was also the Spanish and French term for a unit of angular measurement equal to 1/100 of a right angle. When the scale was extended from 0 to 100 degrees for temperature, centigrade was more properly hectograde. The public was largely unaffected by the confusion. Even though the degree Celsius was adopted by international committees in 1948, weather forecasts issued by the BBC continued to use degrees centigrade until February 1985!

Managed care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Managed care - Essay Example Thus, this dilemma in expenditure planning further affects the rate settings of managed care mechanism based on the probabilistic premium rate. With effective control of administrative costs and other related expenses, the Medicaid agencies faced severe forms of difficulties related to accrue payments and other relevant needs (Anderson & Fox, 1987). Furthermore, the biased or improper selection of payment services was noted to be affecting the overall process of rate settings. Notably, this sort of plan is likely to attract different set of people undergoing through distinct health conditions. Thus, to increase the transparency of the rate setting system, the Medicaid agencies should develop a plan of incorporating healthier enrollees for Medicaid programs. With the view of developing a biased plan, the Medicaid organizations should remain indulged in formulating effective individual programs within the domain of care giving. Thus, it could be stated that rate setting for a program is one of the major issues faced by the Medicaid organizations in enhancing the ability of the programs to meet the diverse needs of the enrollees (Anderson & Fox,

Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biology - Essay Example Darwin observed that, in the preservation of favored individual and races, there is constantly recurrent struggle for existence. Consequently, more individuals are born than there is the warranty for survival. This determines the individuals going to die and those going to survive. This also determines the species to increase in number and species that would decrease in number and eventually become extinct. Also in face of competition, those individual species that are strong or have an advantage are more likely to have the subsequent offspring’s. Darwin theory of natural selection can be said to be confusing. The arguments based on this theory are actually confusing and sometimes misleading. Firstly, there is confusion on whether living forms have, or have no evolutionary origin. Secondly, Darwin suggestion that natural selection is the main factor of evolution may not be true. These two themes as found in Darwin book are confusing and above all misleading when discussed toge ther. Before Darwin work, most people believed in theory of creation. Darwin work on science changed this and is incompatible with creation theory. This led to most people to view scientist as atheist (Mille and Loon 130-142). Exam 3 (Q #2) Aristotle indeed is one of the ancient scientists. Aristotle work demonstrated scientific ideas, which proved worth at the time. However, not a modern biologist Aristotle fits in the description of a great biologist. This is obvious as he tries to explain various biological phenomenon using scientific ideas of the time. Aristotle work had many biological facts and he followed methods before jumping into conclusion. Aristotle stressed on importance of methods in scientific knowledge. Aristotle effort can be deduced from grouping of both plant and animal kingdom. Von Linne work still had the basis of Aristotle work. Therefore, Von Linne was also a true scientist based on description of living things. Species and genera are an important concept and a basis of biology. Linne ensured there was proper identification of plant and animal based in classification of both into genera and species. Binomial nomenclature used until today was Von Linne effort and therefore deserves full credit in science. Taxonomy is an important branch in biology and simplification of taxonomy by Von Linne was important to classification and identification of plant and animals. Lamarck contribution to evolution was also great. His work revolved around the theory of inheritance. LaMark idea on continuity of species was crucial to biological development. Species diversity was also part of Lamarck ideas as to development of species. Lamarck work though with discrepancies was a benefit to the naturalist on one important problem in the whole range of biological thought. These people would still be scientist today, the only limitations they had was lack of material and equipment that exist today. Exam 3 (Q #3) The sole purpose of science is to explain and desc ribe all what surrounds us. The aim of science is to unearth the mystery of the world and tries to give meaning to worldly things and occurrences. Science does not believe in ambiguity and claims there is a reason for something existence. Science does not believe in ignorance of nature and the natural world. Science give meaning to trend of the world and foretell what is likely to happen or take place in future. Science is also a source of hope to the world and helps in

The Bogart Essay -- essays research papers

Have you ever wondered how great it would be to inherit a castle in Scotland? What if it was haunted by a sprit called a Boggart? The book I read called The Boggart by Susan Cooper is a story based on something like that happening. The main story takes place in Toronto, Canada. The Volink family inherited a castle in Scotland from Mr. McDevon the mother’s uncle. The two children in the story are Emily and Jessup. Emily is the oldest. She is smart brave and very sensitive towards the Boggart, once she understood him. Jessup is very smart, loves computers, and was a member of a computer gang called the Gang 5. The parents of Emily and Jessup were Robert and Maggie Volink. Robert works in the theater and Maggie owns and runs an antique store. The Volink family were excited and amazed that they inherited a castle. But what the Volink’s did not know was that a spirit called a Boggart lived there. The Boggart is a sprit that is neither good or bad. He mainly plays practical jokes on people. It is like a little child that can be friendly towards mortals. Boggarts cannot be seen or heard.. The Volink family sold the castle right away because it would be to expensive to keep. Emily and Jessup kept two pieces of furniture to bring home. What they didn’t realize was that a Boggart was sleeping in the desk they took home. When the Boggart got up he realized he was no longer home in Scotland in his castle. As the Boggart got comfortable he began his practical jokes in Toronto. He wou...

Unraveling of cultural meaning and sociological dimensions of Sex and the City by means of an ideological analysis

In 1998, TIME Magazine ran a front-cover story questioning the relevancy of feminism today. It asked: â€Å"Is feminism dead? â€Å"1 (Bellafante 29/06/98). The breeding pit of Naomi Wolf, Gloria Steinem, Germaine Greer and the rest of radical clan had allegedly been buried. Instead, fictitious feminist icons like Ally McBeal, Bridget Jones, the Spice Girls, Charlie's Angels, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, or Carrie Bradshaw, have taken part of the flightiness of contemporary feminism. The newfangled feminist motto, as the Spice Girls proclaimed, is Girl Power – and that's as far as it goes – muting the traditional voices of a civil rights movement which once declared the ‘personal to be the political'. The shift from a radical movement to a rather disinterested feminist condition is particularly evident in the TV hit-series, Sex and the City. The widely-acclaimed show has popularly blended upbeat feminist maxims with the everyday-life of four single women in their 30s, engaging in their self-contained universe, New York City. Often defined as the prototype of feminism stepping into the boundaries of mainstream popular culture, the series has never lacked an explicit exploration of the single woman and implicit reinforcement of female sexuality. But does the embracement of intellectual, financial, and sexual freedom automatically spell a valid feminist message? Although the depiction of sexually explicit images has rendered the series progressive and controversial, its critical standing should be instead attributed to the feminist archetypes it attempts to embody. The progressive portrayals of women in the mainstream media have led to the suggestion that the breakdown of traditional gender-specific stereotypes could potentially render any cultural text feminist (Berger 1995, p. 29). Particularly the advent of a multiplicity in feminisms, from radical and Marxist to liberal and postmodernist, has translated feminist thought into an increasingly blurred and unfixed discourse. Given this hypothetical assumption of a cultural crisis in feminist practice and theory, this essay is concerned with the deconstruction and unraveling of cultural meaning and sociological dimensions of Sex and the City by means of an ideological analysis. Accordingly, the following essay attempts to look at how cultural context shapes feminist strategies and concerns. At this point, it should be noted that the Third-wave agenda of Sex and the City does not necessarily suggest a forging of an entire movement, but rather what a feminist movement might look like for a generation which has largely been affected by the Mothers of Feminism. SEXHAUSTED FEMINISM In every episode of Sex and the City, Carrie Bradshaw, the lead character and protagonist of the show, types a question on her laptop raising issues of sex, men, and relationships. In the very first episode, she wondered: â€Å"Can women have sex like men? â€Å". The frankness of this question promptly sets the controversial, yet revolutionary tone of the show. As elaborated in subsequent episodes, the answer to Carrie's question is a clear yes – without apologies. On this level, the show deliberately enters into the territory of feminism with its gender play, attempting to breakaway from traditional sex-role definitions. This in itself resembles the radical forms of the feminist movement in the 1970s which embraced consciousness-raising as a tactic. If consciousness-raising is the â€Å"systematic attempt to break though ideological assumptions† (Brown 1990, p. 14), then Sex and the City does indeed successfully elude prevalent constructed installations of male/ female functions in sexual intercourse. However, the use of sexually explicit images to override traditional sexual imbalances adds fuel to both, feminist applause and criticism. Given the precedence of sexual depictions over other forms of pivotal feminist inquiries, Sex and the City becomes highly vulnerable to the male gaze. This sets out two significant contradictory aspects of the series – one which arises from feminist discourse and the other developed through the dominant ideology of patriarchy. While sexual freedom is undoubtedly a bold proponent of feminist theory, the female characters in Sex and the City also adhere to a traditional exhibitionist role of being looked at and displayed (Mulvey 1989, p. 19). The four characters as sexual objects have fused male voyeurism and desire with that of feminist narrative, taking the postmodern voyeur into new, but also familiar ideological regions. The struggle in determining the ideological position of Sex and the City does not end here. Feminist author, Camille Paglia, argued that the series was a victory for the â€Å"huge wing of us pro-sex feminists† over the â€Å"1980s anti-porn, anti-sex wing of feminists† (cited in Maddox 09/02/04). Paglia's comments underscore the feminist refusal of a fixed and static ideological premise. In 1985, for example, two anti-porn feminist activists, Catherine MacKinnon and Andrea Dworkin (cited in Califia 1994, p. 123), argued that pornography should be eliminated as a matter of public policy because the â€Å"bigotry and contempt it promotes†¦ diminish opportunities for equality of [women's] rights†. The competing sub-ideological codes underpinning the overall ideology of feminism is further appropriated by the show itself. Ultimate pro-sex feminism is best embodied by the character of Samantha Jones, a PR executive, who orders sex a la carte, with no emotional commitments attached. In stark contrast, an idealist view of romantic relationships is upheld by the character of Charlotte York, a conservative art dealer, who is reluctant to solely attribute sex with female lust. But the puzzling and contradictory ideological signals of the lead characters of Sex and the City are indeed part of the show's postmodern feminist agenda. In order to negotiate how the politics of feminism has been negotiated in Sex and the City it is important to recognize the essence of postmodern- or third-wave feminism. As opposed to other traditional feminist forms, postmodern feminism is much more open to new considerations of gender. Instead of affixing a precondition for feminist thought, postmodern feminists stress the way men and women interact with one another, discarding traditionalist notions of gender naturalness and normality (Bessant and Watts 2002: 48). Rather, feminists with postmodern sympathies argue that we need to acknowledge human diversity, asking â€Å"What is the natural woman anyway? â€Å". This gives primacy to the postmodern acceptance that gender cannot be separated from culture. WIMMIN OR WOMEN ? Singlehood and the breakdown of the family unit are the acclaimed elements in labelling the series feminist. All main characters of Sex and the City fulfil meaningful functions that engender economic, intellectual, and sexual liberation, stimulating the formation of an alternative ideology – a crucial component for building a social movement in the 21st Century (Ryan 2001, p. 305). However, despite the storyline of Sex and the City invoking an alternative ideology, it does not essentially disagree with dominant ideologies. Although the strong bond and friendship between the four leading characters incites a theme of sisterhood throughout the series, the uniting of four basically diverse individuals into a group with common interests in matters of sex, men, and relationships lacks a counterbalancing framework that opposes and attempts to revamp the political and economic structures of society. As Green (1998, p. 1) importantly affirms, â€Å"†¦ in the contemporary post-feminist era, patriarchal traditions in visual culture are seemingly challenged, yet ultimately produced†. Patriarchal and capitalist codes are therefore not only naturalized in Sex and the City, but merged into feminist discourse. Perhaps the most revealing statement Sex and the City makes about its feminist outlook lies in Carrie's first effective ideological statement: â€Å"New York is all about sex and hence not about marriage†. At first glance, this appraisal of singlehood through the romance genre might seem to present a paradox. Despite the glorification of female bonding and alternative family forms, the seemingly counter-ideological premise of Sex and the City only ascends in the show's first few seasons. Its post-feminist sentiments are subsequently watered down, negotiated, and limited by the dominance of the romance genre to the extent that by the end of the entire series, two of the main characters are married and the other two in a faithful monogamous relationship. This happily-ever-after formulaic conclusion is of strict adherence to the clichid literary styles of the Hollywood romance genre, as opposed to a groundbreaking counter-cultural narrative. In an interview with Candace Bushnell, the author who created Sex and the City, renowned feminist and author of the Beauty Myth, Naomi Wolf, asked her if she believed the characters of the show to be feminist (Wolf 2003, p. 17). â€Å"They're obviously feminist,† she responded. â€Å"You can be a feminist but that doesn't contradict the human desire for love. † But such ‘human desire for love' is particularly safeguarded by Hollywood and the producers of Sex and the City as well. Here, love is portrayed as a prescribed condition for marriage as if romantic love through â€Å"emotional dramas are virtually the only acceptable means of moving towards marriage† (Weisser 2001, p. 257). Indeed, disgruntled feminists of the second-wave have unconditionally asserted that the prevalence of love â€Å"justifies our exploitation by men and simultaneously ensnares us into oppressive relationships with them†. To advance the flourishing of romance in a seemingly natural and neutral manner, Sex and the City is brought to a close with an absence of scenes of what succeeds the ever-after ending. Wexman reaffirms that â€Å"Hollywood films erase contradictions by making the happy ending coincide with the monogamous marriage as culmination of romantic passion and freezing this passion in an eternal moment of unproblematic unhappiness† (cited in Evans and Delayto 1998, p. 7). Ideologically, Sex and the City reinforces a â€Å"desperation theme† (Dines and Humez 2003, p. 129). The implications of such are substantiated when Charlotte cries, â€Å"I have been dating since I was 15, when is my Mr. Right going to come along? In another episode, Carrie similarly bemoans her single status during Charlotte's wedding, saying, â€Å"I would die to have a strong man catch me when I fall†. And although Miranda Hobbes, a successful lawyer and single mother, asks early-on in the series, â€Å"Why do we get stuck with old maiden and spinster and men get to be bachelors and playboys? â€Å", she later draws a surprising revelation: â€Å"I must not end up old maiden or spinster†. The retreat into desperation and marriage as a strategy towards addressing cultural anxieties is at the forefront in Sex and the City, yet is unsuccessful in acknowledging feminist discourse. Instead, Sex and the City is manufactured as a cultural product which translates romance and marriage into woman's ultimate sexual and political identity. The characters of Sex and the City do not entirely – if at all – escape traditional gender role expectations. By adhering to the framework of dominant ideologies, the women are confined to specific gender, sexual, racial, ethnic and class stereotypes. All four characters are White, upper-middle class, attractive, feminine, and heterosexually appealing. This further extends to the show's predominant representation of marriage as a monogamous Judeo-Christian value. It can therefore be argued that the effect of such representations boils down an ideological impact of mainstream capitalist and patriarchal norms, instead of a preponderance of unorthodox feminist beliefs. I ? NEW YORK Its credit sequence flaunts famous landmarks like the Chrysler Building, World Trade Center, Brooklyn Bridge, or Fifth Avenue. New York City, the alleged capital of the world, is proactive in bestowing the four characters their freedom and is implicitly a fifth representational character in Sex and the City. As Richards (2003, p. 48) affirms, â€Å"More often than not it seems impossible that they could enjoy and indulge is such sexual freedom in any other American city†. Drawing on what Carrie once said – â€Å"New York is all about sex, and hence not about marriage† -renders New York a ‘singles ghetto'. Fostering singlehood through the visual projection of the city is advanced by separating the singles from the marrieds. Single women walk, live and breathe at the very heart of the postmodern city, whilst married people are confined to the private spaces of suburbia – Connecticut or the Hamptons. To survive in a metropolitan city like New York, Sex and the City suggests that one must be single. Samantha, for example, affirms that â€Å"this is the first time in the history of Manhattan that women have had as much power and money as men†. Although an abundance of exterior shots establishes a sense of postmodern reality and familiarity of the Big Apple, Samantha's observations of Manhattan potentially exclude many women from the social boundaries of Sex and the City and hence, from feminist discourse. Race is a significant factor in terms of how the series sets up criteria for who becomes a feminist. Sanders (2004, p. 7) argues that the surnames of the leading characters – Bradshaw, Jones, York, Hobbes – would not look out of place in a â€Å"white-shoe investment bank†. For a city that has flourished into a global hotspot for multiculturalism and become the permanent address of many foreign immigrants, New York is depicted as distinctly White, outwardly projecting a message that only Whiteness is given access to the highest level of rewards, including that of an entire ideology. Confining feminism to women of a White and middle-class background naturalises feminism as an elitist establishment, undermining the struggle of minorities. Women who have failed to achieve economic freedom, lesbians who have yet to achieve sexual freedom, or single women with children, are all but entirely excluded. The prevailing milieu of inequitable feminist sentiments, however, is fuelled by the narrative and visual structures of the romance genre. Green (1998, p. 30), for example, attributes the romance genre to a â€Å"white racial consciousness inseparable from our notion of love, heroism, and public life†. The absence of the Other therefore â€Å"embodies the most basic material meaning of our social order in its very lack of embodiedness†. Accordingly, the social order of Sex and the City invites lipstick lesbians to its culture, while macho femmes are completely iced out. A WOMAN'S RIGHT TO SHOES The construction of feminine identity and womanhood is a crucial quality perpetuated in Sex and the City. Not only are the four main characters perceived as naturally beautiful and aesthetically appealing, but their fetishised consumption of commodity products endorses patriarchal capitalism. The second-wave of feminism in the '60s and '70s charged consumerism for penetrating the inequitable model of female identity that was â€Å"deeply conservative† (MacDonald 1995, p. 6). Yet the series has come close to resemble a spin-off weekly PR event, boosting luxury brands from Fendi and Manolo Blahnik to Prada and Jimmy Choo. As a consequence, it may be argued that Sex and the City masks the socio-political nervous system of feminism, by portraying females in a narrow range of settings and activities, thus abiding to stereotypes determined as uniquely feminine (Soo Ching 2003, p. 12). The four characters are very rarely seen at work, but are financially capable to much on-screen shopping, socialising at parties, lunching on a day-to-day basis, and dating wealthy professional men. Bailey (2003, p. 10) illustrates the embedded paradox: â€Å"Sex and the City lacks a larger political agenda, but is still concerned with effects of individual choices on individual lives†. Derived from the Marx's analysis of capitalist societies and his term â€Å"commodity fetishism†, Wolfgang Haug (1987, p. 8) determined products in a capitalist society to be designed to â€Å"stimulate in the onlooker the desire to possess and the impulse to buy†. There is a bold connection here between the culture of women's magazines and Sex and the City. Feminist media critics have raised concern over the monolithic compositions of a â€Å"woman's world† imbued in women's magazines (Bignell 2004, p. 216). The ideological composition of women's magazine represent feminine identity as set a set of social conventions, norms, problems and desires, passed on and appropriated by the series itself. But as McCracken (1993, p. 136) argues, â€Å"within the discursive structure, to be beautiful, one must fear being non-beautiful; to be in fashion, one must fear being out of fashion; to be self-confident, one must first feel insecure†. Underlying the production of patriarchal capitalism in Sex and the City, feminism therefore endangers, rather than enhances, the concept of strengthening women's civil rights. In this instance, capitalism, via feminist discourse, masks the essence of consumer goods as being produced in an inherently patriarchal system for patriarchal gain. Product placement in the series not only accomplishes commodity hegemony, but automatically weakens the show's ties with feminism. Instead, the absolute value of feminism is commodified, which Goldman (1992, p. 130) readily labels â€Å"commodity feminism†. He argues that â€Å"commodity feminism depoliticises and individualises feminism and defuses its potential political impact†. From this perspective Sex and the City can be argued to render invisible the questions of economic status, work and social power for women. According to Bignell (2004, p. 217), the fascination with self-indulgent and pretentious activities like shopping and socialising, is a focus â€Å"relatively trivial aspects of women's lives†, as opposed to raising concern over abortion, the sexual division of labour, the representation of women in politics, or the stereotypical images pursued by the media. CONCLUSION It has been more than 40 years since Betty Friedan attacked the role of women in marriage through her writings in the Feminine Mystique. Although the time-worn pages of her book might have dried out and been stacked away, feminism is indeed still alive. As evidenced by the various ideological traditions and perspectives in reading Sex and the City, one cannot conclusively determine whether the nature of the show is feminist or non-feminist. Rather, it should be acknowledged that contemporary feminism bears an abundance of ideological contradictions and complexities. This is not to say that feminism is indefinable, but part of a shift from its initial historical beliefs and assumptions. It is again arguable that postmodern feminism has severely misdirected the elements of feminism to an irrational and apolitical uncertainty. Although it may be argued that the postmodern version simply defines feminism in a flexible and relaxing way, its discourse is invariably formalised by those in power. Feminism is ideologically withheld in Sex and the City by reinforcing traditional gendered stereotypes and a consumerist culture based on the dominant ideologies of patriarchy and capitalism, respectively. Although embellished with postmodern feminist rhetoric, Sex and the City enforces a restrictive social space for women fused with the boundaries romantic love and marriage. However, despite its limitations, Sex and the City deserves acknowledgement for the (admittedly negotiated) challenge it poses to feminist assumptions, as well as the return of women's rights on the social agenda.

Business Environment The World Of Accounting - 1227 Words

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